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The MVPS HOSTS file was recently updated [January 30-2018]Note: Windows 10 users the HOSTS file installs with no issues. The Hosts file in Windows 10/8/7, is used to map hostnames to IP addresses.This Hosts file is located deep down in the Windows folder. It is a plain text file, and the size of the original default.

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There are so many sites out there you do not want either your employees or your family to see. There are also equally as many ways to stop those sites from being viewed - from a simple third-party software solution to one involving a hardware proxy. But did you know, there is a very simple solution built right into Microsoft Windows, which allows you to block unwanted sites from being viewed on a Windows 7 PC? That solution is the hosts file.

Simply stated, the Windows hosts file is used to map IP addresses to Human Readable Names. This service is normally handled with a domain name server (DNS), but the hosts file allows you to bypass that server (When, say DNS isn't available). But more importantly, the hosts file is in direct control of what the computer can and cannot see. To this end, a PC can be configured such that it can or cannot see a specific address. That is what I want to address - the blocking of unwanted addresses in the Windows hosts file.

This blog post is also available in the PDF format in a TechRepublic Download. The examples and images used in this blog post regard Windows 7. The hosts file in earlier versions of Windows can be used in a similar fashion, but the configuration may not be exactly the same.

Locating and editing the hosts file

The Windows hosts file is located (Figure A) in C:WindowsSystem32driversetc. In order to edit and save the hosts file, administrative rights must be used. Even if a user is logged into an account without administrative privileges, this can be overcome, by following these steps:

1. Click on Start All Programs Accessories

2. Right-click Notepad

3. Select Run as Administrator

4. Click Yes on the popup window

Figure A

Location of hosts file

Now that Notepad is opened with administrative rights, the hosts file can be opened and edited.

There could be one last hiccup in the saving of the hosts file - the hosts file could be set to read-only. If this is the case, that file cannot be edited and saved. To get around this, follow these steps:

1. Right-click the hosts file from within Windows Explorer

2. Select Properties

3. Uncheck Read-only (Figure B)

4. Click Yes in the UAC (if prompted)

5. Click OK in the Properties window to complete the process

Figure B

Uncheck read only if it is checked

Format of the hosts file

The format of the entries in the hosts file looks like this (Figure C):

IP_ADDRESS domain name

Figure C

Format of the entries in the hosts file

That is the basic mapping from IP to domain. Each line represents a single mapping. Download film barbie as the island princess bahasa indonesia. For example, an internal IP address to a hostname would be made with an entry like this:

192.168.100.21 bodhi-linux

Once the file is saved, the machine at the address 192.168.100.21 can be reached using the name bodhi-linux.

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Blocking Adware and/or unwanted sites

This is where the 'trick' comes in. There is an address, called the loopback address, on a computer that refers to itself. If the loopback address is pinged, the machine being pinged would be the machine doing the pinging. Make sense? The IP address of the loopback is always 127.0.0.1 (that is the case in Windows, Linux, and Mac.). Using that loopback address, any unwanted domain name can be re-directed back to the local machine. A hosts file entry for this would look like:

127.0.0.1 unwanted.domain

Where unwanted.domain is the domain to be blocked. So what needs to be done with the hosts file is:

1. Open the hosts file with administrative privileges

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2. Add all of the entries you need to block all of the sites you want to block

3. Save the hosts file

4. Reset the hosts file to read-only

There is another issue that can rear its ugly head. When saving the hosts file in Notepad, Notepad is going to want to append the .txt extension to the file. Make sure this doesn't happen by either selecting All Files from the Save as type drop-down, or renaming the file from hosts.txt to hosts from within Explorer.

Another trick

Say there are sites employees are forbidden to visit (Facebook, ebay, etc). To make sure the employees are always aware of the policy, you can set up a Web server that all unwanted URLs can be directed to. On that Web server you would have the company policy regarding unwanted Web surfing available. To set this up in the hosts file add a line similar to the one below (assuming the web server is at address 192.168.100.21):

192.168.100.21 unwanted.domain

Where unwanted.domain is the actual domain to be re-directed. Now, when a user goes to unwanted.domain that user will be automatically directed to 192.168.100.21, which will display the policy.

Pre-set hosts file

For those that do not want to go through and add a ton of unwanted adware sites and other malicious sites to the hosts file on every PC in an organization, this file can be downloaded, unzipped, and put in place of the current hosts file on each PC. Once that file is unzipped, make sure to look it over and make any necessary additions, before putting it into place.

Final thoughts

There are so many ways to block unwanted sites, but it's nice to know the task can be done without having to rely on third-party software. Window's use of the hosts file makes for a very flexible tool to fine-tune what sites a computer can and cannot access.

The Hosts file in Windows 10/8/7, is used to map hostnames to IP addresses. This Hosts file is located deep down in the Windows folder. It is a plain text file, and the size of the original default Hosts file is around 824 bytes.

Hosts File in Windows

In this post, we will see its location and also how to manage, lock or edit the Hosts file.

Host file location

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The Hosts file in Windows is located at the following location:

Lock Hosts file to prevent hijacking

Imagine clicking on www.thewindowsclub.com and seeing a completely different website load in your browser. Malware can redirect Web addresses on your computer by altering your hosts file. This is referred to as the Host File Hijack.

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To prevent Host file hijacks, you may navigate to it, right-click on it, select Properties and make it a Read-only file. This will lock down your Hosts file and prevent anyone or any malware from writing to it.

Block website using Hosts file

To block a website using the Hosts File, simply add the following entry:

127.0.0.1 blocksite.com

Although I do not do it, many users like to manually add entries to it in order to block the opening of one or more particular websites. Others, like to download and use List from well-known sources like mvps.org, to add entries which block malware sites from opening.

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Edit Hosts file

If you need to edit the Hosts file, navigate to the following folder location:

Here you will see the Hosts file. Right-click on it and select Notepad. Make the changes and Save.

But sometimes, even when you are logged on with administrative credentials, you may receive the following error message:

Access to C:WindowsSystem32driversetc hosts was denied

Or

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Cannot create the C:WindowsSystem32driversetchosts file. Make sure that the path and file name are correct.

In this case, type Notepad in start search and right-click on the Notepad result. Select Run as administrator. Open the Hosts file, make the necessary changes, and then click Save.

HostsMan

While you can always manually manage or edit Hosts file manually, I would like to suggest that you use a third-party freeware tool like HostsMan to do it.

HostsMan is a feature-rich tool that lets you add, remove, edit entries in the Hosts file. It also lets you easily add third-party Hosts lists that help in blocking malware sites and lets you easily enable or disable the hosts file. It includes a built-in hosts file updater & a hosts editor. It lets you scan the hosts file for errors, duplicates, and possible hijacks – and also lets you create an Exclusion list. One more useful feature it offers is the Hosts file backup manager. Backup your Hosts file to a safe place and use it to restore it, should the need arise.

Hostman also lets you Flush DNS cache, open Hosts with a text editor, count the number of hosts, find duplicates, replace IP, scan hosts for malicious entries, rearrange hosts, manage DNS Client Service and more. In short, its the only Hosts Manager that you will even need. You can download it from its home page. SysMate Hosts File Manager is another tool that lets you do so.

How to manually reset Hosts file back to default in Windows may also interest you.

If your browser has been hijacked, you might find this post on Browser Hijacking and Free Browser Hijacker Removal Tools helpful.

TIP: Download this tool to quickly find & fix Windows errors automatically

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